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What are TMJ Diseases and Disorders?

TMJ diseases and disorders are a group of conditions that cause pain in and around the jaw joint (called the Temporomandibular Joint or TMJ) and nearby muscles. Jaw problems affect a person’s ability to speak, eat, chew, swallow and even breathe.

What are Symptoms of TMJ?

Pain is the most common symptom of TMJ; however, some people have no pain but still have problems using their jaws. Specific symptoms include:

  • Face pain
  • Pain in the jaw joint and nearby areas, including the ear
  • Back pain
  • Inability to open the mouth comfortably
  • Clicking, popping or grating sounds in the jaw joint
  • Locking of the jaw when attempting to open the mouth
  • Headaches
  • A bite that is uncomfortable or feels “off”
  • Swelling on the side of the face, neck or shoulder

Other symptoms may include ringing in the ears, decreased hearing, dizziness and vision problems.

What Causes TMJ Diseases and Disorders?

Not all causes of TMJ are known. Some possible causes are injuries to the jaw area, various forms of arthritis, some dental procedures, stretching of the jaw (as a result of movements like inserting a breathing tube before surgery), and clenching or grinding of teeth, especially during sleep.

How Are TMJ Diseases and Disorders Treated?

Reversible Treatments:

  • Over-the-counter pain medications
  • Prescription medications
  • Gentle jaw stretching and relaxation exercises
  • Stabilization splints (biteplate, night guard)

Irreversible Treatments:

  • Adjustment of the bite by grinding the teeth
  • Extensive dental work
  • Mandibular re-positioning splints
  • Orthodontics
  • Surgical procedures including replacement of all or parts of the jaw joint

Source: oralb.com.au